Teeth Whitening: How It Works, Types, and Side Effects - Healthline
Jun. 09, 2025
Teeth Whitening: How It Works, Types, and Side Effects - Healthline
To whiten your teeth effectively, you’ll need to choose a whitening method that addresses the type of staining you have. If you have both intrinsic and extrinsic staining (explained below), you’ll likely need to choose a whitening method that safely addresses each type.
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If you aren’t sure which kind of staining you have, consider consulting your dentist. They can advise you on the type of stains on your teeth and which method might work best.
Intrinsic stains
Stains that are inside your tooth enamel are called intrinsic stains. Intrinsic staining is sometimes present even before your teeth erupt from your gums when you’re a kid.
These stains can result from antibiotic use, high levels of fluoride exposure, and your tooth enamel growing thinner as you age. Intrinsic staining can sometimes even be genetic, according to research.
Extrinsic stains
Extrinsic stains are on the outside of your tooth. These happen due to environmental exposure to things that leave discoloration on your tooth enamel. Coffee, artificial food colorings, and smoking can all cause this type of staining.
Like intrinsic stains, extrinsic stains can also be linked to antibiotic use, based on the research above.
Teeth whitening options range from toothpaste with whitening ingredients to professional teeth whitening sessions overseen by your dentist.
Some whitening products aim to actually remove extrinsic stains from your teeth, while others simply bleach intrinsic and extrinsic stains so that they appear lighter in color.
Many over-the-counter (OTC) and in-office treatment options use hydrogen peroxide to break down and minimize stains on your teeth. Carbamide peroxide, another oxidizing ingredient, is also often used.
These chemicals can be aggressive and irritating to your body in higher doses. That’s why it’s extra important that you use teeth whitening products as directed.
Talk with your dentist about any sensitivity you may experience after using whitening treatments at home or when receiving them at the dentist’s office. If a product causes tooth pain or redness or bleeding in your gums, stop using it and consult your dentist.
Whitening products
OTC whitening products include whitening toothpaste and mouthwash.
These products may contain baking soda, which works as a mild abrasive to scrub stains away. Some whitening toothpaste also contains charcoal, which also has abrasive properties. Whitening formulas also may contain low concentrations of carbamide and hydrogen peroxide.
Some abrasives can damage your tooth enamel if used too often or in the long term.
Enamel is your teeth’s hard exterior. Unlike other parts of a tooth, the enamel is not made of living cells, so it doesn’t repair itself once it has worn away, according to the American Dental Association (ADA). Consult your dentist on how to use abrasive whitening products safely.
Whitening products also usually contain fluoride to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent future stains.
Home whitening kits
Home whitening kits may take the form of a gel or paste that is applied to your teeth using a brush or in the form of sticky strips.
Some home whitening kits involve covering your teeth with a whitening agent before placing a mouthguard on your teeth. Certain at-home kits have a heat lamp, blue light, or UV light within the mouthguard to “radiate” the whitening paste. However, a small study suggests that it is unclear whether this actually increases the gel’s effectiveness.
A mouth guard can keep the bleaching agent on your teeth to increase its absorption and limit how much of the whitening solution comes in contact with your gyms. The ADA has approved gel with 10 percent carbamide for at-home use in overnight mouth guards, according to research.
For more information, please visit Professional Teeth Whitening Company.
The active ingredients in whitening kits approved by home use are at a lower concentration than you would find in a dentist’s office. For that reason, you will need to use the kit every day for several weeks to see visible results. Most at-home whitening kits advertise results within 2 to 4 weeks.
Whitening at dentist’s office
Tooth whitening at the dentist’s office uses higher concentrations of active ingredients to achieve visible results more quickly.
In-office teeth whitening may require several sessions in order for you to get your teeth as white as you would like, according to research. These sessions can be expensive and aren’t often covered by insurance because they are not part of a routine dental cleaning.
Power bleaching at the dentist’s office involves rinsing your teeth with a powerful hydrogen peroxide solution for 20 to 30 minutes. Laser therapy is sometimes included in in-office tooth whitening sessions, though there is currently no strong research proving that this has any particular whitening benefit.
Depictions of pearly white teeth on TV or in magazines have made it seem like a spotless, perfect smile is the norm. But no matter what your teeth look like, there’s no reason to ever be ashamed of your smile. You should prioritize the health of your teeth above cosmetic appearances.
Tooth yellowing can occur due to:
- aging
- genetic predisposition
- certain medications (such as tetracycline)
- lifestyle habits (including drinking coffee or soda and smoking)
Access to teeth whitening treatment may also depend on your budget. Whitening products and in-office treatments are not covered by insurance. Some people may choose options that have a milder whitening effect but are more affordable, like toothpastes and mouthwashes.
People who have dental implants or veneers are not candidates for teeth whitening. Teeth whitening works on natural teeth only. Many younger people in recent years have pursued veneers to achieve a perfectly white smile, but this can be dangerous for your teeth’s health in the long run.
If you are self-conscious about your smile because of teeth yellowing and you have your natural teeth, you might want to try teeth whitening methods. But ultimately this is a personal aesthetic choice and not a medical necessity.
It’s important to note that people with dental implants, veneers, crowns, or bridges might not be candidates for teeth whitening, depending on the location of this dental work. If it is in the back of the mouth, a person may still receive whitening. If is in the front of the mouth, whitening is not recommended.
HOW DOES KöR WORK? - Kor Whitening
Continuously refrigerated, high-potency gels, together with a scientifically designed application protocol, deliver predictably exceptional results.
Teeth whitening can often be a frustrating, problematic and unpredictable proposition. Historically, whitening system companies have promised ease-of-use, outstanding results and happy patients.
But you’ve probably experienced a gap between what’s promised and what’s delivered. Most dentists providing teeth whitening have been frustrated with a lack of predictability, effectiveness, and longevity of effect, as well as complaints of sensitivity by patients.
Intrinsic tooth color is a result of large natural pigment and stain molecules trapped within the microstructure of teeth. The larger these molecules are, the more chromophores they contain, and the darker the teeth appear.
All peroxide gels work by forming hydrogen peroxide as their end product. Hydrogen peroxide breaks down to water, oxygen, and numerous radicals and byproducts known as “bleaching factors” that lighten teeth.
Optimum whitening results are achieved only when these whitening gels are: fully potent; chemically influenced to produce a high percentage of free radicals (instead of simply oxygen and water); and are allowed extended time for these factors to diffuse thoroughly into the microstructure of teeth.
Clinical Research Associates (CRA) as well as other researchers have found that whitening gel in conventional whitening trays is only strongly active for 25-35 minutes. This is due to rapid contamination of the whitening gel by saliva.
Both saliva and sulcular fluid contain an abundance of the anti-oxidant enzyme peroxidase. When filling a set of upper and lower whitening trays with whitening gel, approximately 6.5mg of peroxide is placed in the trays. Saliva is capable of destroying a full 29mg of peroxide per minute! It takes very little contamination of the whitening gel in the trays by saliva to destroy whitening gel on contact.
KöR whitening KöR-Seal™ trays are specifically designed to seal both saliva and sulcular fluid out of the whitening trays. These trays, in combination with KöR whitening gels provide 6 to 10 hours of whitening activity compared to the typical 25-35 minutes of other systems.
The result is a thorough cleansing of debris from between enamel prisms (interprismatic spaces), and within enamel prisms (intraprismatic spaces and intracrystalline spaces), rejuvenating the enamel back to its youthful ability to whiten quickly and thoroughly — delivering truly amazing whiteness.
If you want to learn more, please visit our website What Qualification Do I Need to Do Teeth Whitening?.
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