History of induction heating

    Induction heating is the process of heating conductors, (usually metals), by inducing an electric current to flow in the object to be heated. Current is induced into the object in the same manner that current is induced into the secondary of a transformer.

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   By applying alternating current to the transformer's primary winding, an alternating magnetic field is created, and the secondary winding located within this magnetic field will have a current induced in it according to Faraday's Law.

   Consequently, when an alternating current is applied to the induction coil, it induces a current into the target object, similar to how a transformer would heat up if power were applied to the primary with a short circuited secondary. Thus, metals can be heated without direct contact and even underwater if necessary.

   Practical induction heating has been in use since the early 1900s, and its application experienced significant growth during World War II. Notably, one of the key advancements was in surface hardening, or case hardening, which allowed military vehicles and weaponry to utilize harder axles and engine components that lasted longer compared to those without such hardening.

   Following the war, technological enhancements transitioned quickly into civilian applications, driven primarily by the rising demand for dependable automobiles.

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   Induction heating equipment generates alternating currents at frequencies ranging from 60 Hz to over 1 MHz. Initially, technologies like spark gap oscillators, motor-driven generators, and vacuum tubes were employed to produce the required alternating current. With time, advancements led to the adoption of Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)-based power supplies, replacing older generator systems. Today, high-powered transistors are typically utilized in the induction heating power supplies.

   A complete induction heating system consists of several critical components:
. Power Supply ( generates the high frequency current)
. Load Matching Station ( matches the impedance of the coil to the power supply)
. Induction Coil (copper coil wrapped around object to be heated)
. Water Cooling ( high power systems are water cooled to remove waste heat)