Electropneumatic valves in motor cars - MS Motorservice

These are small, unobtrusive and frequently fitted within areas of the engine compartment which are difficult to see or access. The function of the electropneumatic valves within the pneumatic system of the vehicle is equivalent to the function of switches and dimmers in electric circuits.

In connection with a pneumatic actuator it is thus possible to operate valves or to control turbochargers, for example.

They offer the following advantages:

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• high actuating forces from within a small space
• the necessary low pressure as auxiliary energy is available in almost all vehicles (due to the low-pressure in the intake manifold or generated by a vacuumpump)
• only a small amount of electric power is necessary for the actuating processes

In all newer vehicles often several electropneumatic valves have been built in.

Operation of an switch over valve is comparable to a switch in an electric circuit: Pressure / low pressure is “switched over” between two connections.

Switchover valves are used wherever a simple open-close function of the pneumatic actuators is needed, for e.g. for controlling boost pressure valves (wastegate), secondary air valves, intake manifold flaps and bypass flaps on EGR coolers.

Newer switchover valves may also be driven by means of pulse width modulation.

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In order to drive the newer types of electropneumatic valves by the engine controller, a control current is necessary. However, this control current is not DC but is instead a current which is clocked at a constant frequency(“pulse width modulation”).

The switch on duration of a pulse is here termed “duty cycle”. Depending on whether the current or the duty cycle is used as the command variable, such an electropneumatic valve is designated as being “current controlled” or “duty cycle controlled” (respectively “clock controlled”).

Pressure transducer are used in large numbers in exhaust gas return systems (AGR) and VTG chargers (“Variable Turbo Geometry”, turbochargers with adjustable guide vanes).

Their operation resembles that of a “dimmer” in an electric circuit. From the low pressure and the atmospheric pressure, a mixed pressure (control pressure) is generated within the pressure transducer through which the pneumatic actuators can be adjusted in a continuously variable manner.

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