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Types of Lorry Parts and Their Functions

A lorry is a complex machine composed of multiple critical components that work together to ensure safe, efficient transportation of goods over long distances. Each part plays a unique role in the vehicle's operation, durability, and performance. Understanding these parts helps drivers, fleet managers, and mechanics make informed decisions regarding maintenance, upgrades, and repairs.

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1. Engine – The Powerhouse of the Lorry

The engine is often referred to as the heart of the lorry because it generates the mechanical power needed for movement. It operates through internal combustion (in most cases), where fuel—such as diesel or gasoline—is burned to produce energy that turns the crankshaft and ultimately drives the wheels via the transmission system.

Lorries typically use diesel engines due to their superior torque output and fuel efficiency, especially under heavy loads. However, modern alternatives include:

• Diesel Engines: High torque, fuel-efficient, ideal for long-haul freight
• Gasoline Engines: Less common in large lorries; used mainly in lighter delivery vehicles
• Electric Engines: Zero-emission options gaining popularity in urban logistics
• Hybrid Engines: Combine electric motors with traditional combustion engines for improved efficiency and reduced emissions

Tip: Regular oil changes and filter replacements are crucial to maintaining engine longevity and performance, particularly in high-mileage commercial vehicles.

2. Transmission – Managing Power Delivery

The transmission system acts as an intermediary between the engine and the wheels, controlling how much power is transferred and at what speed. It allows the driver to adjust gear ratios based on road conditions, load weight, and desired acceleration.

There are two main types of transmissions found in lorries:

• Manual Transmission: Requires the driver to manually shift gears using a clutch pedal and gear stick. Offers greater control but demands more skill from the driver.
• Automatic Transmission: Shifts gears automatically without requiring manual input, improving driver comfort and reducing fatigue during long hauls.

Newer models may also feature semi-automatic transmissions, which combine elements of both systems for optimal efficiency and ease of use.

3. Chassis – The Structural Backbone

The chassis serves as the foundational framework of the lorry, supporting all major components including the engine, transmission, suspension, axles, and body. It must be robust enough to carry heavy payloads while maintaining structural integrity and stability across diverse driving conditions.

Chassis design varies depending on the intended use of the lorry:

• Ladder Frame: Common in traditional trucks, offering strength and simplicity
• Monocoque: Used in some modern lorries, integrating the body and frame into a single unit for better weight distribution and aerodynamics

4. Braking System – Ensuring Safety and Control

Safety is paramount in lorry operations, and the brake system plays a vital role in stopping the vehicle effectively, even when carrying substantial loads. Most heavy-duty lorries use air brake systems due to their reliability and ability to handle high temperatures and pressures.

Key components of the braking system include:

• Brake Pads/Drums: Create friction to slow or stop wheel rotation
• Master Cylinder: Regulates hydraulic pressure within the brake lines
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Prevents wheel lockup during sudden stops, allowing the driver to maintain steering control

Tip: Air brake systems require regular draining of moisture from the tanks to prevent corrosion and failure.

5. Axles – Supporting Weight and Power Transfer

Axles are essential for transferring rotational force from the transmission to the wheels while also bearing the weight of the lorry and its cargo. There are generally two types of axles in lorries:

• Front Axle: Primarily responsible for steering and supporting the front portion of the vehicle, including the cabin
• Rear Axle: Handles power transmission and supports the rear wheels. In multi-axle configurations, additional axles improve load distribution and traction

Some lorries also feature a tag axle or lift axle, which can be raised off the ground when not needed to reduce fuel consumption and tire wear.

6. Suspension System – Enhancing Ride Quality and Stability

The suspension system connects the chassis to the wheels and ensures a smoother ride by absorbing shocks from uneven road surfaces. A well-maintained suspension system improves handling, reduces driver fatigue, and protects cargo from damage.

Common components of a lorry suspension system include:

• Shock Absorbers: Dampen oscillations caused by bumps and potholes
• Leaf Springs: Provide support and flexibility, especially in heavy-duty applications
• Air Suspension: Uses compressed air for a smoother ride and adjustable height control, commonly found in luxury or premium lorries

Component Primary Function Key Benefits Common Materials Typical Maintenance Needs Engine Generates mechanical power through fuel combustion Provides propulsion, determines fuel efficiency and torque Metal alloys, aluminum, composite materials Oil changes, filter replacements, coolant checks Transmission Transfers power from engine to wheels, manages gear shifts Improves drivability, adapts to terrain and load Steel, synthetic lubricants Fluid changes, inspection for leaks or wear Chassis Structural base supporting all major components Ensures stability, load-bearing capacity, and safety High-strength steel, aluminum Inspection for cracks, rust, or deformation Brakes Controls deceleration and stopping Enhances safety, prevents accidents Cast iron, ceramic composites, carbon fiber Pad replacement, drum resurfacing, ABS diagnostics Axles Supports weight and transmits rotational force Enables mobility, maintains balance Forged steel, alloyed metals Bearing replacement, differential oil changes Suspension Connects chassis to wheels, absorbs road shocks Improves ride comfort, protects cargo, enhances handling Steel springs, rubber bushings, air bags Shock absorber replacement, spring inspections

Expert Tip: Regular inspection of lorry parts, especially brakes and suspension components, can significantly reduce downtime and costly repairs. Schedule routine maintenance every 10,000–15,000 km or as recommended by the manufacturer.

How to DIY and Replace Lorry Parts and Accessories

Replacing lorry parts and accessories can often be accomplished as a do-it-yourself project, especially for those with basic mechanical skills and the right tools. While the exact process will depend on the specific component being replaced, following these general guidelines ensures a safe and efficient installation.

Safety Reminder: Always disconnect the battery before working on electrical systems and use proper lifting equipment when handling heavy components. Wear safety gloves and eye protection throughout the process.

Essential Steps for Replacing Lorry Parts

1. Review the Instruction Manual
   • Before beginning any replacement, thoroughly read the manufacturer's instructions included with your new part or accessory.
   • Note any special requirements such as torque specifications, alignment procedures, or compatibility considerations.
2. Gather Tools and Equipment
   • Ensure you have all necessary hand tools (screwdrivers, wrenches, sockets), power tools (if required), and specialty items like pullers or alignment gauges.
   • Prepare additional supplies such as cleaning rags, zip ties, thread locker, and replacement fasteners if needed.
3. Remove the Old Component Safely
   • Mark and label wires, hoses, or brackets during disassembly to make reinstallation easier.
   • Take photos at each stage to document the original configuration.
   • Handle fluids like oil, coolant, or brake fluid carefully and dispose of them responsibly.
4. Install the New Part Correctly
   • Follow the manual’s step-by-step guide for mounting, securing, and aligning the new part.
   • If replacing electrical components, ensure all connections are clean and secure before testing.
   • Use a torque wrench where specified to avoid over-tightening bolts that could damage threads or components.
5. Test and Verify Operation
   • Once installed, test the function of the new part before fully closing up the vehicle.
   • For engine-related parts, check for leaks, unusual noises, or warning lights after starting the lorry.
   • Take the vehicle for a short test drive if applicable, paying attention to performance changes.

Component Type Common Replacement Parts Estimated Time Required Difficulty Level Engine Components Filters, belts, hoses, spark plugs, sensors 1–4 hours Moderate Exterior Accessories Mirrors, lights, bumpers, side steps 1–3 hours Easy Interior Upgrades Dash panels, seats, steering wheels 2–5 hours Moderate Braking System Pads, rotors, calipers 2–4 hours Intermediate Electrical Systems Batteries, alternators, switches, wiring harnesses 1–3 hours Intermediate

DIY Tip: When purchasing replacement parts, opt for OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) quality or trusted aftermarket brands to ensure durability and compatibility. Keep a maintenance log to track replacements and service intervals.

Additional Resources for Successful DIY Repairs

For detailed instructions tailored to your specific lorry model and part, consider the following resources:

• Official repair manuals from the vehicle manufacturer
• YouTube tutorials from certified mechanics or experienced truck enthusiasts
• Online forums dedicated to your lorry’s make and model
• Manufacturer websites and customer support services

These materials can provide visual demonstrations, troubleshooting tips, and common pitfalls to avoid during installation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Lorries and Their Components

Q1: Why do lorries need special tires?

Lorries require specialized tires due to their significant differences in size, weight, and operational demands compared to regular passenger vehicles. A typical lorry can weigh anywhere from 7 to 40 tons when fully loaded, which is exponentially higher than the average car weight of around 1.5 tons.

As a result, lorry tires are engineered to handle:

• High Load Capacities: Special construction with reinforced sidewalls and deeper treads ensures they can carry heavy cargo without failure.
• Increased Durability: Made with high-strength rubber compounds and advanced tread designs to withstand long hours on the road, varying temperatures, and rough terrains.
• Improved Fuel Efficiency: Modern lorry tires are designed with low rolling resistance to help reduce fuel consumption, which is crucial for commercial operations.
• Enhanced Safety: Features like heat-resistant layers prevent blowouts during long-distance travel at highway speeds.

Using standard car tires on a lorry would lead to rapid wear, increased risk of tire failure, and compromised safety, making specialized tires essential for proper vehicle performance and regulatory compliance.

Q2: How often should lorry accessories be serviced?

Maintaining lorry accessories is critical to ensuring both the longevity of the vehicle and the safety of the driver and cargo. While it's always best to follow the manufacturer’s recommended service intervals — typically found in the owner’s manual or maintenance schedule — there are several factors that may necessitate more frequent inspections and servicing:

• Driving Conditions: Harsh environments such as extreme temperatures, dusty roads, or frequent stop-and-go traffic can accelerate wear and tear.
• Usage Frequency: Vehicles operating daily over long distances will require more frequent checks than those used occasionally.
• Accessory Type: Electrical systems, air compressors, winches, lighting, and trailer hitch components each have different maintenance needs and lifespans.

As a general guideline, lorry owners should consider performing routine inspections every 10,000 km or once every six months, whichever comes first. Additionally, operators should visually inspect accessories before each trip to identify signs of damage, corrosion, or malfunction.

Regular servicing helps prevent breakdowns, reduces repair costs over time, and ensures compliance with transportation regulations and safety standards.

Q3: Why do lorries have different engine oils?

Lorries operate under far more demanding conditions than passenger cars, which necessitates the use of specially formulated engine oils. These oils are designed to meet the unique requirements of large diesel engines commonly found in commercial trucks and heavy-duty transport vehicles.

Key reasons why lorry engines require different types of oil include:

• Higher Engine Capacity: Lorry engines are significantly larger, often ranging from 5L to 15L in displacement, requiring oils that can protect extensive internal components and manage greater thermal loads.
• Extended Drain Intervals: Commercial vehicles often run for thousands of kilometers between oil changes, so lorry oils must maintain their protective qualities over longer periods without degradation.
• Heavy-Duty Performance: These oils contain advanced additive packages that combat oxidation, neutralize acids, resist sludge formation, and provide enhanced wear protection under high pressure and temperature conditions.
• Compliance with Industry Standards: Lorry engine oils must meet strict certification standards such as API CK-4, ACEE, or Euro specifications to ensure compatibility with modern emission control systems and engine technologies.

Using regular motor oil designed for passenger cars can lead to premature engine wear, reduced efficiency, and even catastrophic engine failure in heavy-duty applications. Therefore, selecting the correct grade and type of engine oil tailored for lorry engines is vital for optimal performance and longevity.

Types of 6*4 Foton Heavy Truck

The 6*4 Foton heavy truck is a well-built, heavy-duty truck used for transporting goods in different industries. It is known for its durability. Because of its well-built nature, the truck comes in different types to satisfy different usage needs. Here are some of them:

• 6*4 Foton Tractor Truck:

  The Foton 6*4 tractor truck is a long-distance freight truck. It has a powerful engine and is aerodynamically designed. The truck can travel long distances without using too much fuel. For instance, a 6*4 Foton AUMAN GTL tractor truck is known for its fuel efficiency.

• 6*4 Foton Dump Truck:

  Foton 6*4 dump trucks are designed for construction sites. They are used for transporting loose material like sand, gravel, or dirt. The dump trucks have strong and durable payload beds that can easily be dumped.

• 6*4 Foton Cargo Truck:

  Foton 6*4 cargo trucks are designed for transporting goods in various industries. The cargo truck has a large cargo area that can be covered or left open depending on the type of cargo being transported.

• 6*4 Foton Concrete Mixer Truck:

  The 6*4 Foton concrete mixer truck is built for mixing and transporting concrete. It has a large rotating drum for mixing concrete, which is transported in a fresh state to construction sites.

• 6*4 Foton Flatbed Truck:

  The Foton 6*4 flatbed truck is designed for transporting large equipment and materials. It has a flat, level bed without any side or top enclosure.

• 6*4 Foton refrigerated truck:

  The Foton 6*4 refrigerated truck is designed to transport perishable goods like dairy products, vegetables, and frozen foods. The truck has a built-in refrigeration system to keep goods in a stable and safe temperature during transportation.

Specification & Maintenance of 6*4 foton heavy truck

When shopping for a 6x4 heavy-duty truck, understanding specifications is only half the battle. It is equally vital to know how to maintain the vehicle. That is because, with proper maintenance, the truck will have a long lifespan, and users will maximize its value. Here are the maintenance tips:

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• Engine

  Engine maintenance involves regular checks and maintenance of different engine parts. One of the important parts to check regularly is the engine oil. The oil should be at the recommended level and should not have any signs of contamination. Additionally, changing the oil should be at the recommended intervals. The air filters should also be clean and in good condition. That way, the air entering the engine will be unobstructed and clean. The spark plugs should be checked regularly and replaced when necessary. They ensure that the engine runs smoothly.

• Drivetrain

  Maintaining the 6*4 Foton heavy truck's drivetrain involves several steps. First and foremost, ensure that the transmission fluid is at the recommended level. Additionally, the fluid should be changed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The truck's differential also needs to have its oil changed periodically. Doing this ensures that all the gears in the differential and transmission are lubricated and protected from wear. Also important is the checking of the drive shafts and axles for any signs of damage. Repairing or replacing damaged parts will prevent more damage down the line.

• Chassis

  The chassis is very important for heavy trucks, and maintaining it is equally vital. To do this, users should regularly check the chassis for any signs of damage. In case of any damage, repairs should be done promptly. Other parts of the chassis that need attention are the wheel bearings. The bearings should be lubricated regularly to keep them in good shape. Also important is the lubrication of all the joints in the steering system. The lubrication will keep the joints moving smoothly and will prevent wear. The truck's body should also be washed regularly to prevent rust.

• Electrical System

  The maintenance of the electrical system involves regular checks of different components. One of the important components to check regularly is the battery. Users should check that the battery terminals are clean and free from corrosion. The battery cables should also be checked for any signs of damage. In case of damage, the cables should be replaced. Additionally, the battery should be charged regularly, especially before long trips.

• Brakes

  Brakes are a critical safety component of the 6*4 Foton heavy-duty truck. As such, they should be maintained regularly. Brake maintenance involves checking brake pads and brake shoes. The two should be replaced when there are signs of wear. Additionally, the brake pads and shoes should be adjusted regularly to ensure they are in the right condition and position. The brake lines should be inspected regularly for any signs of damage. In case of damage, the lines should be replaced promptly. Also, important in brake maintenance is the regular checking of the brake fluid level. The fluid level should be at the recommended level.

• Tyres

  To maintain the heavy-duty truck's tyres, they should be regularly checked for damage and wear. In case of damage, the affected tyres should be replaced. Additionally, the tyre pressure should be checked regularly and adjusted to the recommended levels. Also important is the regular rotation of the tyres. Rotating the tyres helps to ensure that the wear is even, increasing their lifespan.

How to choose 6*4 Foton heavy trucks

When buying a 6x4 Foton truck, it's important to consider the following factors:

• Usage Requirements

  Business owners should determine the tasks to be done with the truck. For instance, the kind of cargo to be transported and its weight should be looked at. Also, the routes that will be used frequently and their road conditions should be considered.

• Performance Specifications

  Buyers should get a Foton heavy truck with a powerful engine. The engine should be able to give them the power that is needed for their work. The transmission system should also be chosen well. It should match the needs and give a good driving experience.

• Size and Configuration

  Buyers should choose a truck that fits their load well. The truck should have enough space for the cargo and also be easy to handle. They should also look at the cabin space and comfort features.

• Load Capacity

  Buyers should look for a Foton 6x4 truck that has a high load capacity. This will help them transport more cargo in a single trip. The Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR) should also be high. This allows the truck to pull trailers that are heavy.

• Fuel Efficiency

  Business owners should consider the truck's fuel efficiency. A heavy truck with a good engine that uses little fuel should be chosen. This will help save money on fuel costs. The aerodynamics of the truck and the tire types should also be looked at.

• Safety Features

  Business owners should get heavy trucks with many features that keep them safe. This includes trucks with anti-lock brakes, electronic stability control, and many more. They should also consider the visibility from the driver's seat and the camera systems.

• Comfort and Ergonomics

  For long trips, trucks with many comforts should be chosen. This includes seats that are comfortable, the cabin being big, and the temperature being controlled. Features that make work easy, such as a good layout of controls, should also be looked at.

• Reliability and Durability

  Buyers should get trucks that are known to be strong and last a long time. They should find out what other people have to say about the truck's reliability. The materials that are used to make the truck should also be strong.

• After-Sales Service and Support

  Buyers should check that the truck brand has many service centers. This will help them get fast service if the truck has a problem. The warranty terms and support after buying should also be checked.

• Cost of Ownership

  Things like the price of the truck, cost of fuel, cost of service, and insurance should be looked at. A truck that is cheap to own should be chosen.

How to DIY and Replace 6*4 Foton Heavy Truck

Many truck drivers and owners ask these questions: how to replace the Foton heavy truck gear shift, how to replace the Foton heavy truck air filter, and how to replace the Foton heavy truck battery. Replacing the gear shift, air filter, and battery on Foton 6*4 heavy-duty trucks is straightforward. Below are some simple guides on how to replace them.

To replace the air filter, locate the air filter housing on the engine. Remove the bolts or clips holding the housing lid. Lift the housing lid off to access the air filter. Old filters will be inside the housing. Remove the old air filter. Carefully place a new air filter into the housing. Avoid dropping any debris into the engine. Replace the housing lid and secure it with bolts or clips.

Replacing the gear shift knob is easy. Simply unscrew it counterclockwise and remove it from the gear lever. Screw the new gear shift knob onto the gear lever. Tighten it gently to avoid damaging the threads.

Locating the gear shift is easy. Foton heavy truck drivers will find the gear shift lever beside the driver's seat. To replace the gear shift knob, make sure the truck is parked, and the engine is off. Unscrew the old gear shift knob and remove it. Install the new gear shift knob by screwing it onto the gear shift lever.

Replacing the battery on a Foton 6*4 heavy-duty truck is straightforward. First, open the battery compartment, which is usually located under the driver's seat or in the engine bay. Using a wrench or socket, loosen the terminals' hold-down bolts and remove the old battery. Carefully place the new battery into the battery tray. Reconnect the terminals, ensuring they are clean and free of corrosion. Tighten the hold-down bolts securely. Close the battery compartment.

Q&A

Q1: Can the 6x4 Foton heavy truck be used for long-distance transportation?

A1: Yes, the 6x4 Foton heavy truck is suitable for long-distance transportation due to its powerful engine and comfortable driving environment.

Q2: What is the load capacity of the 6x4 Foton heavy truck?

A2: The load capacity of the 6x4 Foton heavy truck is generally between 20 and 30 tons, depending on the specific model and configuration.

Q3: Is the 6x4 Foton heavy truck fuel efficient?

A3: The 6x4 Foton heavy-duty trucks are designed with fuel efficiency in mind, featuring modern engines and aerodynamically optimized designs to reduce fuel consumption.

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